Event ID 1008: Slow EWS Response Times
Complete troubleshooting guide for Exchange Server Event ID 1008 slow EWS response times affecting third-party applications, mobile devices, and calendar operations.
Table of Contents
Error Overview
Event ID 1008: Slow EWS Response Times
"EWS request for mailbox user@domain.com took 45,230 ms to complete. Operation: GetItem. Request processing exceeded the threshold of 30000 ms. Client application: MacOutlook/16.x. This may indicate server performance issues."
What This Error Means
Event ID 1008 indicates that Exchange Web Services requests are taking longer than expected to complete. EWS is the backbone for many Exchange integrations including Outlook for Mac, mobile sync, third-party applications, and internal Exchange features like Free/Busy availability.
EWS Operations Affected
- • GetItem / GetFolder operations
- • SyncFolderItems / SyncFolderHierarchy
- • FindItem / FindFolder
- • GetUserAvailability (Free/Busy)
- • CreateItem / UpdateItem
Response Time Thresholds
- • <500ms: Excellent
- • 500ms-2s: Good
- • 2s-5s: Acceptable
- • 5s-30s: Degraded
- • >30s: Critical/Timeout
Version Notice
This guide applies to Exchange Server 2016, 2019, and Subscription Edition. EWS is being deprecated in favor of Microsoft Graph API for cloud environments, but remains critical for on-premises Exchange and hybrid deployments.
Symptoms & Detection
User-Reported Symptoms
- ✗Outlook for Mac extremely slow
- ✗Free/Busy information unavailable
- ✗Third-party apps failing to sync
- ✗Out of Office not working
- ✗Calendar sharing failures
Administrator Detection
- →Event ID 1008 in Application log
- →High latency in EWS performance counters
- →IIS logs showing long request times
- →Throttling events in event log
- →MSExchangeServicesAppPool issues
Event Log Entry Example
Log Name: Application
Source: MSExchange Web Services
Event ID: 1008
Level: Warning
Description: The EWS request completed but exceeded expected time.
Operation: SyncFolderItems
Mailbox: user@contoso.com
Client Application: MacOutlook/16.54
Client IP: 10.0.1.50
Request Time: 45,230 ms
Expected Maximum: 30,000 ms
Request details:
- Items returned: 500
- Folders synced: 1
- Database: Mailbox Database 01
This may indicate database performance issues,
large mailbox size, or server resource constraints.Common Causes
Database Performance Issues
EWS operations ultimately read from and write to the mailbox database. Slow database I/O, high RPC latency, or memory pressure directly impacts EWS response times.
Aggressive Third-Party Applications
Third-party sync applications, backup software, or custom integrations making excessive EWS calls can overwhelm the server and cause throttling for all users.
EWS Throttling Policies
Default or overly restrictive throttling policies limit concurrent connections and request rates. When limits are hit, requests are delayed, causing slow response times.
Large Mailboxes and Folders
Mailboxes with very large folders (inbox with 50,000+ items), many folders, or excessive item sizes cause EWS sync operations to take much longer than normal.
IIS Application Pool Issues
The MSExchangeServicesAppPool handles EWS requests. Memory pressure, recycling issues, or configuration problems with this app pool directly impact EWS performance.
Diagnostic Steps
Step 1: Check EWS Performance Counters
# Check EWS-related performance counters
$server = $env:COMPUTERNAME
$ewsCounters = @(
"\$server\MSExchange Web Services(*)Average Response Time",
"\$server\MSExchange Web Services(*)Requests/sec",
"\$server\MSExchange Web Services(*)Items Read/sec",
"\$server\MSExchange Web Services(*)Items Sent/sec",
"\$server\MSExchange Availability ServiceAvailability Requests (sec)",
"\$server\MSExchange Availability ServiceAverage Time to Process a Free Busy Request"
)
Write-Host "Collecting EWS performance data..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
Get-Counter -Counter $ewsCounters -SampleInterval 5 -MaxSamples 6 |
ForEach-Object { $_.CounterSamples } |
Where-Object { $_.CookedValue -gt 0 } |
Select-Object @{N='Counter';E={$_.Path.Split('')[-1]}},
@{N='Value';E={[math]::Round($_.CookedValue,2)}} |
Format-Table -AutoSize
# Check IIS request execution time
Get-Counter "\$server\W3SVC_W3WP(*)Active Requests" |
Select-Object -ExpandProperty CounterSamples |
Where-Object { $_.InstanceName -match "services" } |
Format-Table InstanceName, CookedValueStep 2: Analyze IIS Logs for Slow Requests
# Parse IIS logs for slow EWS requests
$logPath = "C:inetpublogsLogFilesW3SVC1" # Adjust for your IIS site
$today = Get-Date -Format "yyMMdd"
$logFile = Get-ChildItem $logPath -Filter "u_ex$today*.log" | Sort-Object LastWriteTime -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
if ($logFile) {
Write-Host "Analyzing: $($logFile.FullName)" -ForegroundColor Cyan
# Find slow EWS requests (time-taken > 5000ms)
$slowRequests = Get-Content $logFile.FullName |
Where-Object {$_ -notmatch "^#" -and $_ -match "/EWS/"} |
ForEach-Object {
$fields = $_ -split " "
if ($fields.Count -gt 14) {
$timeTaken = [int]$fields[-1] # Last field is typically time-taken
if ($timeTaken -gt 5000) {
[PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $fields[1]
ClientIP = $fields[2]
Method = $fields[3]
URI = $fields[4]
Status = $fields[11]
TimeTaken = $timeTaken
}
}
}
}
Write-Host "=== Slow EWS Requests (>5 seconds) ===" -ForegroundColor Yellow
$slowRequests | Sort-Object TimeTaken -Descending | Select-Object -First 20 |
Format-Table -AutoSize
# Group by client IP to find problematic clients
Write-Host "`n=== Slow Requests by Client IP ===" -ForegroundColor Yellow
$slowRequests | Group-Object ClientIP |
Sort-Object Count -Descending |
Select-Object @{N='ClientIP';E={$_.Name}}, Count |
Select-Object -First 10 | Format-Table
}Step 3: Check EWS Throttling Status
# Check current throttling policies
Get-ThrottlingPolicy | Where-Object {$_.IsDefault -eq $true} |
Select-Object Name, EwsMaxConcurrency, EwsMaxSubscriptions, EwsMaxBurst,
EwsCutoffBalance, EwsRechargeRate | Format-List
# Check for throttling events in event log
$throttlingEvents = Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{
LogName = 'Application'
ProviderName = 'MSExchange*'
StartTime = (Get-Date).AddHours(-24)
} -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue |
Where-Object {$_.Message -match "throttl|budget|exceeded"}
if ($throttlingEvents) {
Write-Host "=== Throttling Events (Last 24 Hours) ===" -ForegroundColor Yellow
$throttlingEvents | Select-Object TimeCreated, Id, Message | Format-Table -Wrap
} else {
Write-Host "No throttling events found" -ForegroundColor Green
}
# Check specific user's throttling status
$testUser = "user@domain.com"
# Get-ThrottlingPolicyAssociation -Identity $testUser-Identity $testUser
# View EWS logs for throttled requests
$ewsLogPath = (Get-ItemProperty 'HKLM:SOFTWAREMicrosoftExchangeServer15Setup').MsiInstallPath + "LoggingEws"
if (Test-Path $ewsLogPath) {
Write-Host "`nEWS logs location: $ewsLogPath"
Get-ChildItem $ewsLogPath -Filter "*.log" | Sort-Object LastWriteTime -Descending | Select-Object -First 5
}Step 4: Test EWS Connectivity
# Test EWS using Test-WebServicesConnectivity
$testMailbox = "testuser@domain.com"
$cred = Get-Credential
# Test EWS connectivity
Test-WebServicesConnectivity -Identity $testMailbox -MailboxCredential $cred |
Format-Table Scenario, Result, Latency, Error -AutoSize
# Test Autodiscover (EWS relies on this)
Test-OutlookWebServices -Identity $testMailbox -TargetAddress $testMailbox -MailboxCredential $cred |
Format-Table Type, Url, Result -AutoSize
# Manual EWS endpoint test
$ewsUrl = "https://mail.domain.com/EWS/Exchange.asmx"
try {
$stopwatch = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
$response = Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $ewsUrl -Method Get -Credential $cred -TimeoutSec 30
$stopwatch.Stop()
Write-Host "EWS endpoint response: $($response.StatusCode)" -ForegroundColor Green
Write-Host "Response time: $($stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds) ms"
} catch {
Write-Host "EWS endpoint test failed: $_" -ForegroundColor Red
}
# Check EWS virtual directory configuration
Get-WebServicesVirtualDirectory | Select-Object Server, InternalUrl, ExternalUrl,
InternalAuthenticationMethods, ExternalAuthenticationMethods | Format-ListPro Tip
Use Microsoft's Remote Connectivity Analyzer (testconnectivity.microsoft.com) to test EWS from an external perspective. This helps identify whether the issue is internal server performance or external connectivity.
Quick Fix
Immediate EWS Performance Improvement
These steps can provide quick relief for EWS performance issues:
# Step 1: Recycle the EWS application pool
Import-Module WebAdministration
Restart-WebAppPool -Name "MSExchangeServicesAppPool"
Write-Host "MSExchangeServicesAppPool recycled" -ForegroundColor Green
# Step 2: Clear EWS connection cache
# Restart the IIS service (more disruptive but clears all connections)
# iisreset /noforce
# Step 3: Increase throttling limits temporarily for testing
# Note: This is for testing only - revert after troubleshooting
$policy = Get-ThrottlingPolicy | Where-Object {$_.IsDefault}
# View current limits
Write-Host "Current EWS limits:" -ForegroundColor Yellow
Write-Host " EwsMaxConcurrency: $($policy.EwsMaxConcurrency)"
Write-Host " EwsMaxSubscriptions: $($policy.EwsMaxSubscriptions)"
# To temporarily increase limits (create new policy):
# New-ThrottlingPolicy -Name "EWSTestPolicy" -EwsMaxConcurrency 50 -EwsMaxSubscriptions 50-Name "EWSTestPolicy" -EwsMaxConcurrency 50 -EwsMaxSubscriptions 50
# Step 4: Check for and block aggressive clients
# Review IIS logs for high-frequency EWS callers (done in diagnosis)
# Consider blocking problematic client IPs temporarily at firewall
# Step 5: Verify backend health
# EWS depends on database performance
$dbHealth = Get-MailboxDatabaseCopyStatus * |
Where-Object {$_.Status -eq "Mounted"} |
Select-Object Name, Status, CopyQueueLength
Write-Host "`nDatabase Health:" -ForegroundColor Cyan
$dbHealth | Format-Table -AutoSizeNote: Recycling the app pool causes brief interruption to EWS clients. They will automatically reconnect, but may experience a momentary error.
Detailed Solutions
Solution 1: Optimize Throttling Policies
Adjust throttling policies to balance protection with performance:
# View all throttling policies
Get-ThrottlingPolicy | Select-Object Name, IsDefault, EwsMaxConcurrency,
EwsMaxSubscriptions, EwsMaxBurst | Format-Table -AutoSize
# Create an optimized policy for heavy EWS users
New-ThrottlingPolicy -Name "EWSPowerUsers" -EwsMaxConcurrency 20 -EwsMaxSubscriptions 20 -EwsMaxBurst 300000 -EwsCutoffBalance 3000000 -EwsRechargeRate 900000
# Apply to specific users or service accounts
Set-Mailbox -Identity "ewsserviceaccount@domain.com" -ThrottlingPolicy "EWSPowerUsers"
# For applications that need unlimited EWS access (use carefully!)
New-ThrottlingPolicy -Name "EWSUnlimited" -EwsMaxConcurrency $null -EwsMaxSubscriptions $null -EwsMaxBurst $null
# Monitor throttling budgets
Get-ThrottlingPolicy | Where-Object {$_.Name -eq "EWSPowerUsers"} | Format-List
# Check user's effective throttling policy
Get-Mailbox "user@domain.com" | Select-Object ThrottlingPolicy
# Throttling policy reference:
Write-Host "`n=== Throttling Policy Values Guide ===" -ForegroundColor Cyan
Write-Host "EwsMaxConcurrency: Max simultaneous EWS connections (default: 10)"
Write-Host "EwsMaxSubscriptions: Max push/streaming subscriptions (default: 5000)"
Write-Host "EwsMaxBurst: Max EWS calls in short period before throttling"
Write-Host "EwsCutoffBalance: Budget level where requests start being rejected"
Write-Host "EwsRechargeRate: How fast the budget replenishes"Solution 2: Identify and Control Heavy EWS Clients
Find and manage applications making excessive EWS requests:
# Analyze EWS logs for heavy users
$ewsLogPath = (Get-ItemProperty 'HKLM:SOFTWAREMicrosoftExchangeServer15Setup').MsiInstallPath + "LoggingEws"
$recentLog = Get-ChildItem $ewsLogPath -Filter "*.log" |
Sort-Object LastWriteTime -Descending |
Select-Object -First 1
if ($recentLog) {
Write-Host "Analyzing: $($recentLog.FullName)" -ForegroundColor Cyan
$logData = Import-Csv $recentLog.FullName
# Group by client application
Write-Host "`n=== EWS Requests by Application ===" -ForegroundColor Yellow
$logData | Group-Object ClientApplicationId |
Sort-Object Count -Descending |
Select-Object @{N='Application';E={$_.Name}}, Count |
Select-Object -First 10 | Format-Table
# Find longest-running requests
Write-Host "`n=== Longest EWS Requests ===" -ForegroundColor Yellow
$logData | Sort-Object {[int]$_.TotalTime} -Descending |
Select-Object TimeStamp, Action, TotalTime, ClientApplicationId |
Select-Object -First 10 | Format-Table
}
# Parse IIS logs for application user-agents
$iisLogPath = "C:inetpublogsLogFilesW3SVC1"
$latestLog = Get-ChildItem $iisLogPath -Filter "*.log" | Sort-Object LastWriteTime -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
# Get unique user agents hitting EWS
Get-Content $latestLog.FullName |
Where-Object {$_ -notmatch "^#" -and $_ -match "/EWS/"} |
ForEach-Object {
($_ -split " ")[9] # User-agent field position
} | Group-Object | Sort-Object Count -Descending |
Select-Object Name, Count -First 10
# Block problematic applications (IIS request filtering)
# Import-Module WebAdministration
# Add-WebConfigurationProperty -PSPath 'MACHINE/WEBROOT/APPHOST/Default Web Site/EWS' -Filter "system.webServer/security/requestFiltering/filteringRules" -Name "." -Value @{name="BlockBadClient";scanAllRaw="true";scanUrl="false"}-PSPath 'MACHINE/WEBROOT/APPHOST/Default Web Site/EWS' -Filter "system.webServer/security/requestFiltering/filteringRules" -Name "." -Value @{name="BlockBadClient";scanAllRaw="true";scanUrl="false"}Solution 3: Optimize EWS Application Pool
Configure the IIS application pool for optimal EWS performance:
Import-Module WebAdministration
# Check current app pool configuration
$poolName = "MSExchangeServicesAppPool"
$pool = Get-ItemProperty "IIS:AppPools$poolName"
Write-Host "=== Current App Pool Settings ===" -ForegroundColor Cyan
Write-Host "Pool Name: $poolName"
Write-Host "Auto Start: $($pool.autoStart)"
Write-Host "Start Mode: $($pool.startMode)"
Write-Host "Worker Processes: $($pool.processModel.maxProcesses)"
Write-Host "Idle Timeout: $($pool.processModel.idleTimeout)"
Write-Host "Recycling Time: $($pool.recycling.periodicRestart.time)"
# Optimize settings for heavy EWS workloads
# Increase queue length
Set-ItemProperty "IIS:AppPools$poolName" -Name queueLength -Value 5000
# Disable idle timeout (EWS needs to stay warm)
Set-ItemProperty "IIS:AppPools$poolName" -Name processModel.idleTimeout -Value ([TimeSpan]::Zero)
# Set recycling to off-peak hours only
Clear-ItemProperty "IIS:AppPools$poolName" -Name recycling.periodicRestart.schedule
Set-ItemProperty "IIS:AppPools$poolName" -Name recycling.periodicRestart.schedule -Value @{value="03:00:00"00:00"}
# Disable periodic recycling based on requests (can cause issues under load)
Set-ItemProperty "IIS:AppPools$poolName" -Name recycling.periodicRestart.requests -Value 0
# Increase rapid fail protection threshold
Set-ItemProperty "IIS:AppPools$poolName" -Name failure.rapidFailProtectionMaxCrashes -Value 10
# Verify changes
Write-Host "`n=== Updated Settings ===" -ForegroundColor Green
Get-ItemProperty "IIS:AppPools$poolName" | Select-Object name, queueLength, state |
Format-Table -AutoSizeSolution 4: Address Large Mailbox Issues
Large mailboxes with huge folders cause slow EWS sync operations:
# Find mailboxes with large folders
$largeMailboxes = Get-Mailbox -ResultSize 100 | ForEach-Object {
$stats = Get-MailboxFolderStatistics $_.Identity -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
$largestFolder = $stats | Sort-Object ItemsInFolder -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
if ($largestFolder.ItemsInFolder -gt 10000) {
[PSCustomObject]@{
Mailbox = $_.DisplayName
LargestFolder = $largestFolder.Name
Items = $largestFolder.ItemsInFolder
FolderSize = $largestFolder.FolderSize
}
}
}
Write-Host "=== Mailboxes with Large Folders (>10,000 items) ==="000 items) ===" -ForegroundColor Yellow
$largeMailboxes | Sort-Object Items -Descending | Format-Table -AutoSize
# Check for problematic folder types
Get-Mailbox -ResultSize 50 | ForEach-Object {
$inbox = Get-MailboxFolderStatistics $_.Identity -FolderScope Inbox -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
$sentItems = Get-MailboxFolderStatistics $_.Identity -FolderScope SentItems -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
$deletedItems = Get-MailboxFolderStatistics $_.Identity -FolderScope DeletedItems -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($inbox.ItemsInFolder -gt 50000 -or $deletedItems.ItemsInFolder -gt 50000) {
[PSCustomObject]@{
Mailbox = $_.DisplayName
Inbox = $inbox.ItemsInFolder
SentItems = $sentItems.ItemsInFolder
DeletedItems = $deletedItems.ItemsInFolder
}
}
} | Format-Table -AutoSize
# Implement retention policies to manage folder sizes
# New-RetentionPolicyTag -Name "Delete-30Days" -Type DeletedItems -RetentionEnabled $true -RetentionAction PermanentlyDelete -AgeLimitForRetention 30-Name "Delete-30Days" -Type DeletedItems -RetentionEnabled $true -RetentionAction PermanentlyDelete -AgeLimitForRetention 30
# Enable archive for heavy users
# Enable-Mailbox -Identity "user@domain.com" -Archive-Identity "user@domain.com" -Archive
# Run mailbox folder repair for corrupted large folders
# New-MailboxRepairRequest -Mailbox "user@domain.com" -CorruptionType FolderView-Mailbox "user@domain.com" -CorruptionType FolderViewDanger Zone
Be cautious when creating "unlimited" throttling policies. A misbehaving application with no throttling can overwhelm Exchange and affect all users. Only apply unlimited policies to well-tested, trusted applications.
Verification Steps
Verify EWS Performance Improvement
# Comprehensive EWS health verification
$server = $env:COMPUTERNAME
Write-Host "=== EWS Performance Verification ===" -ForegroundColor Cyan
# Test EWS response time
$ewsUrl = "https://$server/EWS/Exchange.asmx"
$times = @()
for ($i = 1; $i -le 5; $i++) {
$stopwatch = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
try {
$null = Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $ewsUrl -Method Head -UseDefaultCredentials -TimeoutSec 30
$stopwatch.Stop()
$times += $stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds
Write-Host "Test $i : $($stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds) ms"$stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds) ms" -ForegroundColor Green
} catch {
Write-Host "Test $i : Failed - $_"$_" -ForegroundColor Red
}
Start-Sleep -Seconds 2
}
$avgTime = ($times | Measure-Object -Average).Average
Write-Host "`nAverage response time: $([math]::Round($avgTime,0)) ms"0)) ms"
if ($avgTime -lt 1000) {
Write-Host "Status: HEALTHY" -ForegroundColor Green
} elseif ($avgTime -lt 5000) {
Write-Host "Status: ACCEPTABLE" -ForegroundColor Yellow
} else {
Write-Host "Status: NEEDS ATTENTION" -ForegroundColor Red
}
# Check for recent slow EWS events
$recentEvents = Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{
LogName = 'Application'
ProviderName = 'MSExchange Web Services'
Level = 2, 3
StartTime = (Get-Date).AddHours(-24)
} -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($recentEvents) {
Write-Host "`nWARNING: $($recentEvents.Count) EWS warning/error events in last 24 hours"24 hours" -ForegroundColor Yellow
} else {
Write-Host "`nNo EWS errors in last 24 hours" -ForegroundColor Green
}
# Check EWS performance counters
$counters = Get-Counter "\$server\MSExchange Web Services(*)Average Response Time" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($counters) {
$avgResponse = ($counters.CounterSamples | Measure-Object CookedValue -Average).Average
Write-Host "`nEWS Average Response Time (counter): $([math]::Round($avgResponse,0)) ms"0)) ms"
}✓ Success Indicators
- • EWS response < 2 seconds
- • No Event ID 1008 warnings
- • No throttling events
- • Free/Busy working normally
⚠ Warning Signs
- • EWS response 2-5 seconds
- • Occasional slow events
- • Some throttling occurring
- • Intermittent Free/Busy issues
✗ Failure Indicators
- • EWS response > 30 seconds
- • Frequent Event ID 1008
- • Heavy throttling
- • Third-party apps failing
Prevention Strategies
EWS Best Practices
- ✓Vet third-party apps
Test EWS applications before production
- ✓Use service accounts
Apply specific throttling policies
- ✓Monitor EWS usage
Track request rates and response times
- ✓Implement quotas
Prevent excessively large mailboxes
EWS Monitoring Script
# Daily EWS health check
$server = $env:COMPUTERNAME
$alertThreshold = 5000 # ms
# Test EWS
$stopwatch = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
$ewsUrl = "https://$server/EWS/Exchange.asmx"
try {
$null = Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $ewsUrl -Method Head -UseDefaultCredentials -TimeoutSec 30
$stopwatch.Stop()
$responseTime = $stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds
} catch {
$responseTime = 99999
}
$status = if ($responseTime -lt $alertThreshold) {"OK"} else {"ALERT"}
# Log
$log = "$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm'),$server,$responseTime,$status"-Format 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm'),$server,$responseTime,$status"
Add-Content "C:LogsEWS_Health.csv" $log
# Alert if needed
if ($responseTime -gt $alertThreshold) {
Write-Warning "Slow EWS response: $responseTime ms"
}When to Escalate
Escalate to Exchange Specialist When:
- →EWS performance remains slow after optimization
- →Cannot identify the cause of slow responses
- →Free/Busy or availability service consistently failing
- →Complex third-party integration issues
- →EWS issues affecting hybrid connectivity
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